Nhazi nke silicon

A na-ekewakarị ígwè silicon dị ka ọdịnaya nke ígwè, aluminom na calcium si dị, ihe adịghị ọcha atọ dị na ihe mejupụtara ígwè silicon.Dị ka ọdịnaya nke ígwè, aluminum na calcium na silicon metal, silicon metal nwere ike kewaa 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 na ndị ọzọ dị iche iche akara ule.

N'ụlọ ọrụ, a na-emekarị metal silicon site na ibelata silicon dioxide sitere na carbon n'ime ọkụ eletrik.Usoro mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO nke mere na ịdị ọcha nke silicon bụ 97 ~ 98%, nke a na-akpọ silicon metal.Mgbe agbazechara, recrystallization, ihe na-adịghị ọcha wepụrụ na acid, ịdị ọcha nke 99.7 ~ 99.8% silicon metal nwetara.

Silicon metal bụ nke sitere na silicon ma si otú ahụ nwee ihe ndị yiri ya na silicon.Enwere allotropes abụọ nke silicon amorphous na silicon crystalline.Amorphous silicon bụ ntụ ntụ isi awọ-oji nke bụ n'ezie microcrystal.Siliki kristal nwere ihe owuwu kristal na njirimara semiconductor nke diamond, ebe agbaze 1410 ℃, ebe esi 2355 ℃, njupụta 2.32 ~ 2.34 g / cm 3, ike Mohs 7, kenkuwa.Amorphous silicification nwere ihe na-arụ ọrụ kemịkalụ ma nwee ike na-ere ọkụ nke ukwuu na ikuku oxygen.Ọ nwere ike meghachi omume na nonmetals dị ka halogen, nitrogen na carbon na oke okpomọkụ, ma nwee ike imeghachi omume na ọla dị ka magnesium, calcium na ígwè iji mepụta silicides.Amorphous silicon bụ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ ghara ịsolu n'ime inorganic na organic acid niile, gụnyere hydrofluoric acid, ma soluble na ngwakọta nke nitric acid na hydrofluoric acid.Ihe ngwọta sodium hydroxide gbasiri ike nwere ike igbari silicon amorphous wee hapụ hydrogen gas.Silikoni kristal adịghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma na ọ naghị eji oxygen na-ekupụ ọ bụrụgodị na okpomọkụ dị elu.Ọ bụ ihe a na-adịghị ahụkebe n'ụdị ọ bụla nke inorganic na organic acid, mana ọ na-agbaze na ngwakọta nke nitric acid na hydrofluoric acid yana na ngwọta sodium hydroxide.