Kupereka kwa Fitech, chitsulo chamtengo wapatali cha osmium

Osmium, chinthu cholemera kwambiri padziko lapansi

Mawu Oyamba

Osmium ndi gulu VIII gawo la tebulo la periodic.Chimodzi mwazinthu zamagulu a platinamu (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinamu).Chizindikiro cha elementi ndi Os, nambala ya atomiki ndi 76, ndipo kulemera kwa atomiki ndi 190.2.Zomwe zili mu kutumphuka ndi 1 × 10-7% (misa), ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zogwirizana ndi zinthu zina za platinamu, monga miyala yamtengo wapatali ya platinamu, nickel pyrite, nickel sulfide ore, imvi-iridium osmium ore, osmium- iridium aloyi, etc. Osmium ndi imvi buluu zitsulo ndi mfundo kusungunuka 2700 ° C, otentha kutentha kuposa 5300 ° C, ndi kachulukidwe 22.48 g/cm3.Zolimba komanso zolimba.Osmium yachitsulo yochuluka ndi yosagwira ntchito komanso yokhazikika mumlengalenga ndi chinyezi.Osmium yaponji kapena ufa pang'onopang'ono imapangidwa ndi okosijeni kukhala ma Chemicalbook osmium oxides anayi pa kutentha.Osmium imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowumitsa zitsulo zamagulu a platinamu kupanga ma carbide osimidwa osiyanasiyana osavala komanso osagwirizana ndi dzimbiri.Ma aloyi opangidwa ndi osmium ndi iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinamu, ndi zina zotere zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zolumikizirana ndi mapulagi a zida ndi zida zamagetsi.Osmium-iridium alloys angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati nsonga cholembera, rekodi player singano, makampasi, pivots kwa zida, etc. Mu valavu makampani, mphamvu ya cathode kutulutsa ma elekitironi kumakulitsidwa ndi condensing osmium nthunzi pa filament valavu.Osmium tetroxide ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kukhala osmium dioxide wakuda ndi zinthu zina zamoyo, choncho nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati banga la minofu mu microscopy ya elekitironi.Osmium tetroxide imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga organic synthesis.Osmium chitsulo si poizoni.Osmium tetroxide imakwiyitsa komanso ndi poizoni, ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pakhungu, maso ndi njira yakumtunda yakupuma.

Thupi katundu

Osmium yachitsulo ndi imvi-buluu mu mtundu ndipo ndi chitsulo chokha chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi chocheperako kuposa iridium.Ma atomu a Osmium ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a makristalo a hexagonal, omwe ndi chitsulo cholimba kwambiri.Ndilolimba komanso lophwanyika pa kutentha kwakukulu.HV ya 1473K ndi 2940MPa, yomwe ndi yovuta kuikonza.

Kugwiritsa ntchito

Osmium itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira m'makampani.Mukamagwiritsa ntchito osmium monga chothandizira mu kaphatikizidwe ka ammonia kapena hydrogenation reaction, kutembenuka kwapamwamba kumatha kupezedwa pa kutentha kochepa.Ngati osmium yaying'ono iwonjezeredwa ku platinamu, imatha kupangidwa kukhala cholimba komanso chakuthwa cha osmium platinamu alloy scalpel.Osmium iridium alloy angapangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito osmium ndi kuchuluka kwa iridium.Mwachitsanzo, kadontho ka siliva kunsonga kwa zolembera zina zapamwamba zagolide ndi osmium iridium alloy.Osmium iridium alloy ndi yolimba komanso yosavala, ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kunyamula mawotchi ndi zida zofunika, ndi moyo wautali wautumiki.