Gulu la zitsulo za silicon

Chitsulo cha silicon nthawi zambiri chimagawidwa molingana ndi zomwe zili mu chitsulo, aluminiyamu ndi calcium, zonyansa zazikulu zitatu zomwe zili muzitsulo za silicon.Malinga ndi zomwe zili chitsulo, zotayidwa ndi kashiamu mu pakachitsulo zitsulo, pakachitsulo zitsulo akhoza kugawidwa mu 553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 ndi sukulu zina zosiyanasiyana.

M'makampani, chitsulo cha silicon nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa pochepetsa silicon dioxide kuchokera ku carbon mu ng'anjo yamagetsi.Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO kuti chiyero cha silicon ndi 97 ~ 98%, chotchedwa silicon chitsulo.Pambuyo kusungunuka, recrystallization, zonyansa zochotsedwa ndi asidi, chiyero cha 99.7 ~ 99.8% chitsulo cha silicon chinapezedwa.

Chitsulo cha silicon chimapangidwa makamaka ndi silicon ndipo motero chimakhala ndi zinthu zofanana ndi silicon.Pali ma allotropes awiri a silicon amorphous ndi crystalline silicon.Silicon ya amorphous ndi ufa wotuwa wakuda womwe kwenikweni ndi microcrystal.Silicon ya crystalline ili ndi mawonekedwe a kristalo ndi semiconductor ya diamondi, malo osungunuka 1410 ℃, mfundo yowira 2355 ℃, kachulukidwe 2.32 ~ 2.34 g/cm 3, Mohs kuuma 7, brittle.Amorphous sililicification imakhala ndi mankhwala omwe amagwira ntchito ndipo imatha kutentha kwambiri mu oxygen.Imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo monga halogen, nayitrogeni ndi carbon pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndipo imathanso kuchitapo kanthu ndi zitsulo monga magnesium, calcium ndi iron kuti apange silicides.Amorphous silicon ndi pafupifupi insoluble mu zonse inorganic ndi organic zidulo, kuphatikizapo asidi hydrofluoric, koma sungunuka mu osakaniza nitric asidi ndi hydrofluoric acid.Njira yothetsera sodium hydroxide imatha kusungunula silicon ya amorphous ndikutulutsa mpweya wa haidrojeni.Silicon ya crystalline imakhala yosagwira ntchito ndipo simasungunuka ndi mpweya ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.Ndiwosungunuka mumtundu uliwonse wa organic ndi organic zidulo, koma sungunuka mu chisakanizo cha nitric acid ndi hydrofluoric acid ndi moyikirapo sodium hydroxide solutions.