Ibikoresho bya fitech, ifu yicyuma osmium

Osmium, ikintu kiremereye kwisi

Intangiriro

Osmium nitsinda rya VIII ryimbonerahamwe yigihe.Imwe mumatsinda ya platine (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platine).Ikimenyetso cyibintu ni Os, umubare wa atome ni 76, naho uburemere bwa atome ni 190.2.Ibiri mu gikonjo ni 1 × 10-7% (misa), kandi akenshi usanga ari symbiotic hamwe nibindi bintu bigize urukurikirane rwa platine, nk'amabuye ya platine y'umwimerere, nikel pyrite, ubutare bwa nikel sulfide, ubutare bwa iridium osmium, osmium- iridium alloy, nibindi.Birakomeye kandi byoroshye.Icyuma kinini cya osmium ntigikora imiti kandi gihamye mukirere nubushuhe.Osmium ya spongy cyangwa ifu izagenda ihinduka okiside kugeza kuri oxyde enye ya chimique osmium mubushyuhe bwicyumba.Osmium ikoreshwa cyane nkigikomeretsa ibyuma bya platine yo mu bwoko bwa platine kugirango ikore karibide ya sima ya sima irwanya imyenda kandi irwanya ruswa.Amavuta akozwe muri osmium na iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, platine, nibindi birashobora gukoreshwa muguhuza no gucomeka kubikoresho nibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Amavuta ya Osmium-iridium arashobora gukoreshwa nkinama zamakaramu, kwandika inshinge zumukinyi, compas, pivot kubikoresho, nibindi. Mu nganda za valve, ubushobozi bwa cathode yo gusohora electroni bwongerwaho no guhuza imyuka ya osmium kuri filament ya valve.Osmium tetroxide irashobora kugabanuka kuri dioxyde de osmium yumukara hamwe nibintu bimwe na bimwe biologiya, bityo rero rimwe na rimwe ikoreshwa nkibara rya tissue muri microscopi ya electron.Osmium tetroxide nayo ikoreshwa muri synthesis organique.Icyuma cya Osmium ntabwo ari uburozi.Osmium tetroxide irakaze cyane kandi ifite uburozi, kandi igira ingaruka zikomeye kuruhu, amaso hamwe nu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru.

Imiterere yumubiri

Icyuma cya osmium gifite ibara ry'ubururu n'ubururu kandi ni cyo cyuma cyonyine kizwiho kuba gike ugereranije na iridium.Atome ya Osmium ifite imiterere ya hexagonal yuzuye ya kirisiti, nicyuma gikomeye.Birakomeye kandi bimenetse ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru.HV ya 1473K ni 2940MPa, bigoye kuyitunganya.

Ikoreshwa

Osmium irashobora gukoreshwa nkumusemburo winganda.Iyo ukoresheje osmium nkumusemburo wa ammonia synthesis cyangwa hydrogenation reaction, ihinduka ryinshi rishobora kuboneka mubushyuhe buke.Niba osmium nkeya yongewe kuri platine, irashobora gukorwa muburyo bukomeye kandi butyaye osmium platine alloy scalpel.Osmium iridium alloy irashobora gukorwa ukoresheje osmium hamwe na iridium runaka.Kurugero, akadomo ka feza hejuru yamakaramu ya zahabu yateye imbere ni osmium iridium alloy.Osmium iridium alloy irakomeye kandi irwanya kwambara, kandi irashobora gukoreshwa nko gutwara amasaha nibikoresho byingenzi, hamwe nubuzima burebure.