Unikezelo lweFitech, umgubo wentsimbi osmium oxabisekileyo

I-Osmium, eyona nto inzima emhlabeni

Intshayelelo

I-Osmium liqela le-VIII letheyibhile yeperiodic.Enye yeqela leplatinam (i-ruthenium, i-rhodium, i-palladium, i-osmium, i-iridium, i-platinum) izakhi.Isimboli ye-athomu yi-Os, inani le-athomu yi-76, kunye nobunzima be-athomu yi-190.2.Umxholo we-crust yi-1 × 10-7% (ubunzima), kwaye ihlala i-symbiotic kunye nezinye izinto zoluhlu lweplatinam, njenge-original platinum ore, i-nickel pyrite, i-nickel sulfide ore, i-grey-iridium osmium ore, i-osmium- i-iridium alloy, njl. I-Osmium yintsimbi engwevu-blue enendawo yokunyibilika ye-2700 ° C, indawo yokubilisa ephezulu kune-5300 ° C, kunye noxinzelelo lwe-22.48 g / cm3.Iqinile kwaye i-brittle.I-osmium yentsimbi eninzi ayisebenzi ngokwekhemikhali kwaye izinzile emoyeni nakwindawo ezifumileyo.I-sponji okanye i-osmium engumgubo iya kuthi ngokuthe ngcembe ifakwe kwi-oxid kwii-Chemicalbook osmium oxides ezine kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi.I-Osmium isetyenziswa ikakhulu njengesiqina sesinyithi seqela leplatinam ukwenza iikhabhidi ezakhiwe ngesamente ezahlukeneyo ezikwaziyo ukunxiba kunye ne-corrosion-resistant.I-alloys eyenziwe nge-osmium kunye ne-iridium, i-rhodium, i-ruthenium, i-platinum, njl.I-Osmium-iridium alloys ingasetyenziswa njengeengcebiso zokubhala, iinaliti zomdlali werekhodi, iikhampasi, iipivots zezixhobo, njl njl. Kwishishini le-valve, ukukwazi kwe-cathode ukukhupha i-electron kuphuculwe ngokunyusa umphunga we-osmium kwi-filament yevalve.I-Osmium tetroxide inokwehliswa ibe yi-osmium dioxide emnyama ngezinto ezithile zebhayoloji, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha isetyenziswa njengebala lenyama kwimicroscope ye-electron.I-Osmium tetroxide ikwasetyenziswa kwi-organic synthesis.Intsimbi yeOsmium ayinayo ityhefu.I-Osmium tetroxide iyacaphuka kakhulu kwaye inetyhefu, kwaye ineziphumo ezibi eluswini, emehlweni nakwindlela yokuphefumla ephezulu.

Iimpawu ezibonakalayo

Intsimbi ye-osmium ingwevu-blue ngombala kwaye kuphela kwentsimbi eyaziwa ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-iridium.Iiathom zeOsmium zinekristale exineneyo enehexagonal structure, eyintsimbi eyomeleleyo.Iqinile kwaye i-brittle kubushushu obuphezulu.I-HV ye-1473K yi-2940MPa, enzima ukuyiqhuba.

Ukusetyenziswa

I-Osmium ingasetyenziswa njenge-catalyst kwishishini.Xa usebenzisa i-osmium njenge-catalyst kwi-ammonia synthesis okanye i-hydrogenation reaction, ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kunokufumaneka kwiqondo lokushisa eliphantsi.Ukuba i-osmium encinci ifakwe kwiplatinam, inokwenziwa ibe yi-osmium ebukhali kunye ne-osmium platinum alloy scalpel.I-Osmium iridium alloy inokwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-osmium kunye nomlinganiselo othile we-iridium.Ngokomzekelo, ichaphaza lesilivere kwincam yezinye iipeni zegolide eziphambili yi-osmium iridium alloy.I-Osmium iridium alloy inzima kwaye ayigugi, kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuthwala iiwotshi kunye nezixhobo ezibalulekileyo, kunye nobomi benkonzo ende.