Ukuhlelwa kwesinyithi se-silicon

Isinyithi se-silicon sihlala sihlelwa ngokomxholo wesinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium, izinto ezintathu ezingcolileyo eziqulethwe kwi-silicon metal composition.Ngokomxholo wesinyithi, i-aluminium kunye ne-calcium kwi-silicon metal, i-silicon metal inokwahlulwa ibe yi-553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 kunye namanye amabanga ahlukeneyo.

Kwishishini, i-silicon yesinyithi idla ngokwenziwa ngokunciphisa i-silicon dioxide kwikhabhoni kwiziko lombane.I-Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO ukwenzela ukuba ukucoceka kwe-silicon yi-97 ~ 98%, ebizwa ngokuba yi-silicon metal.Emva kokunyibilika, ukuhlaziya, ukungcola kususwe nge-asidi, ukucoceka kwe-99.7 ~ 99.8% yensimbi ye-silicon yafunyanwa.

Isinyithi se-silicon senziwa ikakhulu nge-silicon kwaye ke sineempawu ezifanayo ne-silicon.Kukho ii-allotropes ezimbini ze-silicon ye-amorphous kunye ne-crystalline silicon.I-silicon ye-Amorphous yimpuphu engwevu-emnyama eneneni i-microcrystal.I-crystalline silicon inesakhiwo sekristale kunye neempawu zesemiconductor yedayimani, indawo yokunyibilika i-1410℃, indawo yokubilisa i-2355℃, ingxinano 2.32 ~ 2.34 g/cm 3, Mohs ubulukhuni 7, brittle.I-Amorphous sililicification ineekhemikhali ezisebenzayo kwaye inokutshisa kakhulu kwi-oksijini.Iyakwazi ukusabela ngee-nonmetals ezifana ne-halogen, i-nitrogen kunye nekhabhoni kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye inokusabela kunye neentsimbi ezifana ne-magnesium, i-calcium kunye nentsimbi ukuvelisa i-silicides.I-silicon ye-amorphous iphantse inganyibiliki kuzo zonke i-inorganic kunye ne-organic acids, kuquka i-hydrofluoric acid, kodwa i-soluble kumxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid.Isisombululo esigxininisiweyo se-sodium hydroxide sinokunyibilikisa i-silicon ye-amorphous kwaye ikhulule igesi ye-hydrogen.I-crystalline silicon ayisebenzi kwaye ayibiki ngeoksijini nakubushushu obuphezulu.Ayinyibiliki kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwe-asidi ye-inorganic kunye ne-organic, kodwa i-soluble kumxube we-nitric acid kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid kunye ne-concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions.