Ukunikezwa kwe-Fitech, i-osmium yensimbi eyigugu

I-Osmium, into enzima kakhulu emhlabeni

Isingeniso

I-Osmium iyingxenye yeqembu VIII yethebula le-periodic.Enye yeqembu le-platinum (i-ruthenium, i-rhodium, i-palladium, i-osmium, i-iridium, i-platinum).Uphawu lwe-elementi yi-Os, inombolo ye-athomu ingu-76, kanti isisindo se-athomu singu-190.2.Okuqukethwe koqweqwe yi-1 × 10-7% (isisindo), futhi kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izakhi zochungechunge lweplatinamu, njengensimbi yasekuqaleni yeplatinamu, i-nickel pyrite, i-nickel sulfide ore, i-grey-iridium osmium ore, i-osmium- ingxubevange ye-iridium, njll. I-Osmium iyinsimbi empunga-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka enephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-2700°C, indawo yokubilisa ephakeme kuno-5300°C, kanye nokuminyana okungu-22.48 g/cm3.Iqinile futhi iqinile.I-osmium yensimbi eyinqwaba ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali futhi izinzile emoyeni nasezindaweni ezinomswakama.I-osmium enesipontshi noma eyimpuphu kancane kancane izokwenziwa i-oxid ibe ama-Chemicalbook osmium oxides amane ekamelweni lokushisa.I-Osmium isetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-hardener yama-alloys ensimbi yeqembu leplatinamu ukuze kukhiqizwe ama-carbide kasimende ahlukahlukene angagugi futhi amelana nokugqwala.Ama-alloys enziwe nge-osmium ne-iridium, i-rhodium, i-ruthenium, i-platinum, njll. angasetshenziswa ukwenza ukuxhumana namapulaki wezinsimbi nezinto zikagesi.Ama-alloys e-Osmium-iridium angasetshenziswa njengamathiphu epeni, izinaliti zesidlali serekhodi, amakhampasi, ama-pivots wezinsimbi, njll. Embonini yamavalvu, amandla e-cathode okukhipha ama-electron athuthukiswa ngokujiya umhwamuko we-osmium kumcu wevalvu.I-Osmium tetroxide ingancishiswa ibe i-osmium dioxide emnyama ngezinto ezithile zebhayoloji, ngakho ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa njengebala lezicubu ku-electron microscopy.I-Osmium tetroxide nayo isetshenziswa ku-organic synthesis.I-Osmium metal ayinabo ubuthi.I-Osmium tetroxide iyacasula kakhulu futhi inobuthi, futhi inemiphumela emibi kakhulu esikhumbeni, emehlweni naphezu komgudu wokuphefumula ophezulu.

Izici ezingokomzimba

I-osmium yensimbi inombala ompunga-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi iyona kuphela insimbi eyaziwa ngokuthi iminyene kancane kune-iridium.Ama-athomu e-Osmium anesakhiwo sekristalu esiyi-hexagonal esiminyene, okuyinsimbi eqinile kakhulu.Iqinile futhi iyashwabana ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu.I-HV ye-1473K ingu-2940MPa, okunzima ukuyicubungula.

Ukusetshenziswa

I-Osmium ingasetshenziswa njenge-catalyst embonini.Uma usebenzisa i-osmium njenge-catalyst ku-ammonia synthesis noma ukuphendula kwe-hydrogenation, ukuguqulwa okuphezulu kungatholwa ngezinga lokushisa eliphansi.Uma i-osmium encane yengezwa ku-platinum, ingenziwa ibe i-osmium platinum alloy scalpel eqinile futhi ebukhali.I-Osmium iridium alloy ingenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-osmium nenani elithile le-iridium.Ngokwesibonelo, ichashaza lesiliva esihlokweni samanye amapeni egolide athuthukisiwe yi-osmium iridium alloy.I-Osmium iridium alloy iqinile futhi ayigugi, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengokuthwala amawashi nezinsimbi ezibalulekile, nempilo ende yesevisi.