Ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi ye-silicon

Insimbi ye-silicon ivamise ukuhlukaniswa ngokuya ngensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium, ukungcola okuthathu okuyinhloko okuqukethwe ekubunjweni kwensimbi ye-silicon.Ngokusho kokuqukethwe kwensimbi, i-aluminium ne-calcium ku-silicon metal, i-silicon metal ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-553, 441, 411, 421, 3303, 3305, 2202, 2502, 1501, 1101 namanye amabanga ahlukene.

Embonini, insimbi ye-silicon imvamisa yenziwa ngokunciphisa i-silicon dioxide ekhabhoni esithandweni sikagesi.I-Chemical reaction equation: SiO2 + 2C → Si + 2CO ukuze ubumsulwa be-silicon bube ngu-97~98%, obubizwa nge-silicon metal.Ngemuva kokuncibilika, ukuvuselela kabusha, ukungcola kususwe nge-asidi, ukuhlanzeka kwe-99.7 ~ 99.8% yensimbi ye-silicon yatholakala.

I-silicon metal yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-silicon futhi ngaleyo ndlela inezakhiwo ezifanayo ne-silicon.Kunama-allotropes amabili e-amorphous silicon ne-crystalline silicon.I-amorphous silicon iyimpushana empunga-emnyama empeleni eyi-microcrystal.I-crystalline silicon inokwakheka kwekristalu kanye nezakhiwo ze-semiconductor zedayimane, indawo encibilikayo engu-1410 ℃, indawo yokubilisa engu-2355℃, ukuminyana 2.32 ~ 2.34 g/cm 3, ubulukhuni be-Mohs 7, i-brittle.I-amorphous sililicification inamakhemikhali asebenzayo futhi ingashisa umoya-mpilo kakhulu.Ingasabela ngezinto ezingezona ezensimbi njenge-halogen, i-nitrogen nekhabhoni ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, futhi ingasabela nezinsimbi ezifana ne-magnesium, i-calcium ne-iron ukukhiqiza ama-silicidi.I-amorphous silicon icishe ingancibiliki kuwo wonke ama-acids e-inorganic kanye ne-organic, okuhlanganisa i-hydrofluoric acid, kodwa ancibilika ngengxube ye-nitric acid ne-hydrofluoric acid.Isixazululo se-sodium hydroxide esigxilisiwe singancibilikisa i-amorphous silicon futhi ikhulule igesi ye-hydrogen.I-crystalline silicon ayisebenzi futhi ayihwamuki nomoya-mpilo ngisho nasezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa.Ayincibiliki kunoma iluphi uhlobo lwe-asidi ye-inorganic kanye ne-organic, kodwa incibilika engxubeni ye-nitric acid ne-hydrofluoric acid nasezixazululweni ze-sodium hydroxide egxilile.